Transistor - Bryant McGill

# Transistor A semiconductor device that amplifies or switches electronic signals, first demonstrated on December 23, 1947 at [[wiki/Bell Labs|Bell Labs]] by [[wiki/William Shockley|William Shockley]], [[wiki/John Bardeen|John Bardeen]], and [[wiki/Walter Brattain|Walter Brattain]]. The transistor replaced vacuum tubes and became the foundational component of all modern electronics, enabling the digital revolution. The invention earned Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley the 1956 [[wiki/Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] in Physics. The transistor's creation and its propagation through [[wiki/Silicon Valley|Silicon Valley]] are central to [[articles/Bell Labs and the Distributed Architecture of American Power|Bell Labs and the Distributed Architecture of American Power]].  ## American Infrastructure Route This entry is routed through [[collections/American Infrastructure|American Infrastructure]], the collection covering the physical and institutional construction of machine intelligence from the transistor to the town meeting, and across to [[collections/American|the American Collection]], which supplies the standard of conduct the same project is held to. The layer routers are [[wiki/Upstream Industrial Foundation|Upstream Industrial Foundation]], [[wiki/Electrical Supply and Reliability|Electrical Supply and Reliability]], [[wiki/Facilities and Thermal Management|Facilities and Thermal Management]], [[wiki/Rack and Cluster Integration|Rack and Cluster Integration]], [[wiki/Data Fabric and Storage|Data Fabric and Storage]], [[wiki/Compute and Accelerator Systems|Compute and Accelerator Systems]], [[wiki/Software and Orchestration|Software and Orchestration]], and [[wiki/Intelligence Delivery|Intelligence Delivery]]; the civic argument is carried by [[wiki/The American Buildout|The American Buildout]] and [[wiki/National Compute Capacity|National Compute Capacity]]. **Source articles:** [[articles/Vertically Integrating an AI Superpower from AI Factory to Citizen|Vertically Integrating an AI Superpower from AI Factory to Citizen]] · [[articles/The Gigawatt Is the New Measure of War|The Gigawatt Is the New Measure of War]]